Draw pictograms per 1,000 for multi-outcomes
Benefit Outcomes:
Harm Outcomes:
Comparator
Event number:
Relative Effectiveness
Calc→
RR
OR
RD
HR
RR
OR
RD
HR
RR
OR
RD
HR
RR
OR
RD
HR
RR
OR
RD
HR
RR
OR
RD
HR
RR
OR
RD
HR
RR
OR
RD
HR
Intervention
Event number:
Outcome Value
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
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One outcome
Difference in value-adjusted net benefit (Intervention - Comparator) = -576
Comparator > Intervention
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Net benefit for value-adjusted cumulative event number in each arm:
Comparator (Benefit - Harm) = 854
Intervention (Benefit - Harm) = 278
How calculated?
Net benefit in value-adjusted cumulative event number = Σ(V
B
k
*E
C
k
)-Σ(V
H
j
*E
C
j
) for comparator; Σ(V
B
k
*E
I
k
)-Σ(V
H
j
*E
I
j
) for intervention. k and j = 1～4.
Difference between these two is net benefit between two arms (Intervention - Comparator).
V
B
k
: Importance of benefit outcome k. E
C
k
: Number of event for outcome k in comparator arm.
V
H
j
: Importance of harm outcome j. E
C
j
: Number of event for outcome j in comparator arm.
E
I
k
and E
I
j
are those in intervention arm. V
B
k
and V
H
j
are ratios to the maximum value (100).
Calculation of absolute risk of the intervention population from Risk Ratio (RR), Odds Ratio (OR), Risk Difference (RD), and Hazard Ratio (HR):
CER is the absolute risk of the comparator population.
Calculate RR from OR: RR = OR/[1 - CER*(1 - OR)]
Calculate RR from RD: RR = (CER + RD)/CER
Calculate RR from HR: RR = [1 - exp(HR*ln(1 - CER)]/CER
then calclate the absolute risk of the intervention population as CER*RR.